twin births, child sex composition, and family planning policies, to identify the causal effect of fertility on child … the traditional agricultural economy to modern economic growth, household real income increases, fertility decreases, and …. As a parallel development, empirical studies exploit multiple sources of exogenous variations in family size, such as …

This paper tests the effects of fertility on household structure and parental labor supply in rural China. To solve the … ordinary least squares estimates show a negative correlation between fertility and parental labor supply. Using twinning as a … natural experiment, we do not find evidence on the negative effects of fertility on parental labor supply. By contrast, we …

Testing the tradeoff between child quantity and quality within a family is complicated by the endogeneity of family … size. Using data from the Chinese Population Census, this paper examines the effect of family size on child educational … attainment in China. We find a negative correlation between family size and child outcome, even after we control for the birth …

zero. One interpretation of these results is that the OLS Party premium is due to omitted ability and family background …