Prior literature finds that long-lasting changes in firms' disclosure policies and information environment affect the cost of equity. Information asymmetry, however, also changes during the fiscal quarter. Firms disclose information periodically, and in between disclosure dates traders can...

Prior literature finds the price adjustment after earnings announcements is not immediate. This paper provides evidence that informed investors act strategically to prevent their information from immediately affecting prices after earnings announcements. Specifically, we examine the price...

This study tests and finds that stock prices around earnings announcements reflect investor aversion to negative news. We find that when forecasts are negatively skewed, indicating considerable downside risk, earnings announcement returns are eventually more positive. Announcement returns are...

Investors are reluctant to trade in the high-information-asymmetry days before earnings announcements. We show that the decrease in liquidity trading before announcements is asymmetric. We analyze buy and sell orders of investors with passive investment strategies, and find they do not reduce...

Trading outside the main session occurs between 4:00PM-8:00PM and 4:00AM-9:30AM and is typically dominated by institutional investors, as retail investors are discouraged to trade in the extended trading hours. This study examines whether trading in the extended hours is predictive of future...