The heterogeneities of production technology among provinces in China cause difficulties for unbiased evaluation of energy efficiency. Using meta-frontier data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach, this paper proposes a new method for measuring energy efficiency by considering the “technology...

This paper establishes several efficiency models based on environmental production technology, which are capable of integrating undesirable outputs into efficiency evaluation framework. With the proposed efficiency models, we estimate the environmental efficiency, economic efficiency,...