circular migration as it is manifested by the frequency of exits of migrants living in Germany, and by the number of years … Germany, the largest European immigration country, are indeed repeat migrants. The findings indicate that immigrants from … and to stay out of Germany for longer. Males exit more frequently than females but do not differ in the time spent out …

Germany’s labor market responded only mildly to the Great Recession. Important factors for this development include the … particularly affected by the crisis. Although Germany’s experience is in stark contrast to the United States, we identify and …

. Wage growth has been low in most developed economies because of underutilized labor if properly measured. Germany seems to …

The massive influx of refugees, the largest since World War II, will have consequences on Germany's society, welfare … with adequate language courses and vocational training. Despite this massive influx of migrants, Germany still needs to …