separate literature has also examined the cultural and ethnic identity of immigrants and how these affect their economic … performance and societal integration. However, an unexplored channel connects ethnic clustering with ethnic identity formation … of co-ethnic concentration for the minority identity and at very low levels of local concentration for the majority …

the role of ethnicity and ethnic identity for relative economic performance …

understand and model identity. The complexity of identity formation, however, has been firm and ethnic and national identities … identity formation and its consequences for economic behavior. Before we conclude we debate the endogeneity issue of identity …

environment while preserving their cultural origins. The identity formation may also affect economic and societal relations …