By its nature, bank money is endogenous, but its issuing is risky and presupposes the presence of banks' shareholders' funds. Shareholders' funds give banks the means of dealing with the difficulties involved in the process of money creation and which are inherent to the banking activity:...

Introduction to the special issue of the EJHET in relation with the 2011 Fisher Conference organized in Lyon 2 University, France, by the laboratories LEDa, PHARE and TRIANGLE

Noting that it is Thornton, not Ricardo, who is the originator of the classical analysis of the gold points mechanism, this paper shows that Ricardo rejected this mechanism. This is done by considering his criticism of the causal link between deficits, the exchange rate and the price of gold....

There is a duality of money : it is endogenous and exogenous. Therefore it is important to distinguish between monetary creation and money supply. Buying and selling means the exchange of goods and debts, which is very different from barter. In doing so the economic agents are asked to take two...

The aim of this paper is to analyze the state of the quantity theory in the United States prior to the publication of Irving Fisher’s Purchasing Power of Money in 1911. We start by presenting the participants in the monetary debate. Next, we analyze the controversies regarding prices,...