Carrère, Céline; de Melo, Jaime - In: Journal of Economic Integration 26 (2011), pp. 136-168
Alternative approaches to estimating the effects of nontariff measures (NTMs) on trade flows are discussed and evaluated critically. Recent econometric studies point to three results: (i) NTM restrictiveness measures based on an aggregate of ‘core’ NTMs are more restrictive than existing...