Across the world, regulators and policy makers are grappling with how to establish a competitive, safe and fair online environment that also safeguards users’ fundamental rights as citizens. Ahead of the European Commission’s Digital Markets Act (DMA), this book “Digital markets and online...

This report scrutinises the economic aspects of data portability in the context of the digital economy, against a background of legal and technical considerations. In particular, the report looks beyond the current requirements of data portability, as provided for by the GDPR. It critically...

The Digital Markets Act (DMA) entered into force on 1 November 2022 and its rules will apply from 2 May 2023. The Commission should designate, for the first time, the gatekeepers subjected to the rules by September 2023 at the latest, and those platforms should comply with prohibitions and...