competitiveness of electricity intensive industrial consumers and mayforce them to leave Europe. Taking up of a proposal of the … wouldmitigate the impact of CO2 cost on their electricity price. The model supposes fixed generationcapacities. A companion paper … treats the case with capacity expansion.We first consider a reference model representing a perfectly competitive market where …

globaleconomy, such as the US, France and Germany.A more detailed look at the productivity figures, on a sector by sector basis … productive than the retail sector in the US, Franceand Germany.This briefing focuses on retail sector productivity, and …

profit maximizers given other market agents actions, we are able tofind efficient prices in markets with non …-convexities. Based on this result we propose a design foran energy-only market able to give investors the correct price signals..... …