The empirical relationship between trade protection and economic growth is surprisinglyfragile, as shown in a number of … between trade barriers and growth is contingent on measures ofcomparative advantage. The findings suggest that these …

variation across sectors intariff changes after the Colombian trade reform to assess whether the impact of marketfundamentals on … ofproductivity with and without the trade reform shows that improvements in market selectionfrom trade reform help to weed out the … least productive plants and increase averageproductivity. In addition, we find that trade liberalization increases …

The high trade costs inferred from gravity are rarely used in thewide class of trade models. Two related problems … explain this omis-sion of a key explanatory variable. First, national seller and buyer re-sponses to trade costs depend on … their incidence rather than on the fullcost. Second, the high dimensionality of bilateral trade costs requiresaggregation …