We propose a distinction between active waste and passive waste as determinantsof the cost of public services. Active waste entails utility for the publicdecision maker (as in the case of bribery) whereas passive waste does not (asin the case of inefficiency due to red tape). To assess the...

We compare the advertising intensity and content of programming in a market withcompeting media platforms. With pay-tv, media platforms have two sources of revenues,advertising revenues and revenues from viewers. With free-to-air, media platformsreceive all revenues from advertising. We show...