Any opinions expressed here are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published inthis series may include views on policy, but the institute itself takes no institutional policy positions.The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international...

Economic evaluation of projects involving changes in mortality risk conventionally assumesthat lives are statistical, i.e., that risks and policy-induced changes in risk are small andsimilar among a population. In reality, baseline mortality risks and policy-induced changes inrisk often differ...

Seit Beginn der 90er Jahre des vorigen Jahrhunderts gibt es eine immer stärker werdende Entwicklung zur Reform der öffentlichen Verwaltung (vgl. Bähr/Hieber 2002: 7). Im Blickpunkt der Diskussion um ein neues ressourcenorientiertes Haushalts- und Rechnungswesen stehen insbesondere die...

The notion of social entrepreneurship has gained increasing recognition in thelast years, both as an increasingly visible mode of economic action, and as animportant policy tool. The paper outlines a typology that departs from aSchumpeterian view of entrepreneurship, that centers on the creation...

Die kommunale Selbstverwaltung in Deutschland ist bald zweihundert Jahrealt. Ihr Grundgedanke ist die dezentrale und eigenverantwortliche Regelungaller Angelegenheiten des örtlichen Wirkungsbereichs, ausschließlich bestimmtdurch den Willen der Bürgerschaft. Dies hat sich hervorragend...

Schon im Jahr 1951 urteilte der damalige Finanzminister eines deutschen Bundeslandes über die kamerale Buchführung: Wer rechnet heute noch kameralistisch? (...) Kaufleute behaupten, man könne mit ihr wohl das Verhältnis von Einnahmen zu Ausgaben ermitteln, aber den Erfolg der...

In response to PISA, all German federal states but one have adopted central exitexaminations (CEEs) at the end of all secondary school tracks. Theoretically, the advantagesof CEEs are fairly undisputed. CEEs make teaching and learning output observable andcomparable across schools, and provide...

We use a two-person public goods experiment to distinguish betweene±ciency and fairness as possible motivations for cooperative behavior.Asymmetric marginal per capita returns allow only the high-productivityplayer to increase group payo®s when contributing positive amounts....

How does the environment of an organization inuence whether workersvoluntarily provide eort? We study the power relationship betweena non-prot unit (e.g. university department, NGO, healthtrust), where workers care about the result of their work, and a bu-reaucrat, who supplies some input to the...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of privatization in a mixed duopoly, wherea private firm competes in quantities with a welfare-maximizing public firm. We consider twoinefficiencies of the public sector: a possible cost inefficiency, and an allocative inefficiencydue to the...