We estimate monetary policy rules for six central and eastern European countries (CEEC) bytaking changes in the policy settings explicitly into account. Distinguishing rather fixed andmore flexible exchange rate arrangements we find that for most countries exchange ratesplayed an important role...

China’s financial conundrum arises from two sources: (1) its large trade (saving) surplusresults in a currency mismatch because it is an immature creditor that cannot lend in its own currency. Instead foreign currency claims (largely dollars) build up within domestic financialinstitutions. And...