This paper analyzes the incentive properties of the standard and burden of proof for a finding of negligence, when evidence about injurers' behavior is imperfect and rests with the parties. We show that the `preponderance of evidence' standard used in common law, together with ordinary exclusion...

We argue that the common-law standard of proof, given the rulesof evidence, does not minimize expected error as usually argued inthe legal literature, but may well be e±cient from the standpointof providing maximal incentives for socially desirable behavior.By contrast, civil law's higher but...

Significant amount of vertical technology transfer occurs betweendeveloped and developing country firms, yet the literature on intellectual propertyrights did not pay much attention to this aspect...

Netzwerke sind zum Inbegriff flexibler und wettbewerbsfähiger Organisationsformen geworden.(...) Um Netzwerke handelt es sich nur dann, wenn die Zusammenarbeit der Netzwerkunternehmen zu Ressourceninterdependenzen führt.(...)

Open source software production is a highly successful innovation model. But it is, by far, not a singular case but rather one example of "virtual communities of innovation". The purpose of this paper is to inquire under which conditions the new innovation model might work in general...

This paper shows, that after observing the investment decisions by firm owners their employees can engage in costly training, thus increasing their general and firm-specific productivity, which also depends on capital endowment...

We analyze the effects of introducing asymmetric information and expectations in the investment game (Berg et al., 1995). In our experiment, only the trustee knows the size of the surplus. Subjects' expectations about each other's behavior are also elicited. (...)