trades, and convincing explanations of the persistence of the Indo-Central Asian trade (for example) despite the growing Indo …-European trade from the seventeenth-century. The customs-union model usefully approximates this trading-situation (i.e. the Europeans … the possibility for trade-creation (i.e. due to substitution between otherwise regionally-specialised production …

liberal market democracies and the inducement held out to other economies was that by embracing free trade they too might … per capita incomes across economies and the spatial advance of free trade. For many economists and historians the two are … linked: the reduction of trade barriers in the post-war world ushered in a new era of globalisation and that globalisation in …

In models of money with an infinitely-lived representative agent (ILRA models), the optimal monetary policyis almost …, and why. We investigate the welfare properties of monetary policy in a simpleOG model under two different types of money … demand specifications and under two alternative assumptionsabout the generational timing of taxes for money retirement. We …

appears to be a change in the effectiveness ofpolicy. Finally, the fundamental structural changes affectingthe economy …

[...]In our view, this apparently surprising immunity of the U.S.economy to the Asia crisis reflects the fact that the …

By analysing a newly compiled database of exchange rates, this paper finds that Central European financial integration … advanced in a cyclical fashion over the fifteenth century. The cycles were associated with changes in the money supply. Long …-distance financial integration progressed in connection with the rise of the territorial state, facilitated by the synergy between …

the disappearance of good money over this period has provided any solid quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of …

bank through which he concealed over £3m in counterfeit money.[...] …