from import duties and direct taxes upon their incomes and wealth. Since total tax revenues depended on rates of tax levied … revenues. However, specific tax rates (which at that time were the norm) implied that the state’s real income would fall in …

The paper analyses changes in poverty in Britain since 1997. A povertylevel of 60 percent of median equivalised income … Survey, on which government estimatesof Households Below Average Income are based. There was a smallreduction in poverty …

This paper examines changes in earnings inequality and mobility between 1978/9 and 2005/6 using a unique dataset that … significant increases in annual earnings inequality for both male and female employees. On most measures this is greater for men …. When wider inequality is measured including periods of no earnings, inequality for men increases and for women it falls as …

This paper explores changes in the relationship betweenrace, income, and criminal victimization over time. Interestin … income earned by the top 5 percentof American families increased from 15.3 percent to 20.1 percent.Families in the bottom …

whilepoor ones grew rich. We question their analysis with regard to both of their proxiesfor pre-modern income, namely … (butnot significant) correlation between pre-modern and contemporary income. Second,we show that their measure of population …

find that “singlestage”indices – those that are applied directly to a sample from amultivariate income distribution … first “discretised” into income intervals andthen a transition matrix or other tool is applied – may be robust if thefirst …