We propose a simple model of trade outside the law preyed on by robbers and possiblyprotected by private cops. We … establish the conditions for trade collapse, secure trade andinsecure trade. Endogenous predation and enforcement can explain … both puzzling failures ofcommonly observed state policies against illegal trade and puzzlingly large trade responses …

technology adoption and trade in a world of two countriesfacing different technology adoption costs. It shows that a reduction in …

direct investment (FDI) is to savethe trade cost or to get the advantage of cheap labor. We show that, if the reason forFDI …, while the trade cost implies transportation cost (tariff)... …

This paper analyses trade specialisation dynamics in two Eastern European countries(Romania and Bulgaria – EEC-2) vis …

This paper shows empirically that China's trade balance is sensitive to fluctuations in the real effective exchange … rate of the renminbi. However, the current size of the trade surplus is such that exchange rate policy alone will probably … not be able to address the imbalance. The potential reduction in the trade surplus resulting from an increase in the …

pricing, and an endogenous distribution of markups.Trade induces only firms with high-quality products to export, whereas …

model estimates the neteffect of these measures on international trade with a loss of useful inference on separate effects … trade among OECD countries in 2004. We find that technicalmeasures in agriculture often jointly enhance import demand and … hinder export supply with thenet effect of promoting the propensity to trade. Further disaggregated data analysis …

trade, particularly in the oil market. We also find that, conditionalon the current fuel tax, an optimal ethanol mandate is …