impact of different accounting models for financial instruments on the financial statements of banks, we develop a bank … simulation model capturing the essential characteristics of a modern universal bank with investment banking and commercial … our model bank are prepared under different accounting rules (“Old” IAS before implementation of IAS 39; current IAS) with …

value and aggregate economic activity. We investigate whether and how bank governance, especially private vs. non …-private bank ownership, affects financial constraints of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We focus on SMEs because they … are more opaque, bank-dependent and riskier than large firms. Given the significant differences between private and non …