The costs of import substitution (IS) as a strategy for industrialization, which was deemed synonymous with economic development by many development economists of the fifties and sixties, were shown to be substantial in the influential and nuanced studies of the seventies and eighties under the...

Import substitution presents many economic development opportunities that can help regions achieve greater economic sustainability and self-reliance. Yet import substitution is largely neglected in economic development theory, practice and literature. There are few methods and resources...

Auf eine Anfrage der Wiener „Neue Freie Presse“ antwortete Walther Rathenau mit einem Beitrag über „Unser Nachwuchs“, der am 25. Dezember 1909 abgedruckt wurde. Im Unterschied zu anderen Führungsschichten erklärte der bekannte Industrielle und Unternehmer, dass die wirtschaftlichen...

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has a global character. As globalization grows, foreign direct investment grows. This research analyses the relationship between foreign direct investment and developing countries. The main contributors to foreign direct investment are multinational corporations...

Creation of light for work, socializing, and general illumination is a fundamental application of technology around the world. For those who lack access to electricity, an emerging and diverse range of LED based lighting products hold promise for replacing and/or augmenting their current...