We distinguish between intended production and residual generation and introduce the concept of by-production. We show that by-production provides the fundamental explanation for the positive correlation that is observed between intended production and residual generation. Most of the existing...

We study the link between second-best production efficiency and the constraints on income distribution imposed by private ownership of firms in economies with Ramsey taxation. We review the result of Dasgupta and Stiglitz [1972], Mirrlees [1972], Hahn [1973], and Sadka [1977] about firm-specific...

This paper explores how to optimally set taxes and transfers when taxation authorities: (1) are uninformed about individuals? value of time in both market and non-market activities and (2) can observe both market-income and time allocated to market employment. We show that optimal redistribution...