The importance of resource rent in fisheries has long been acknowledged. By generating such rents, economically efficient management systems increase value added and the sector’s contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP) and growth. However, despite the successful adoption of such...

We model EU countries? bank ratings using financial variables and allowing for intercept and slope heterogeneity. We find that country-specific factors (in the form of heterogeneous intercepts) are a crucial determinant of ratings. Whilst ?new? EU countries typically have lower ratings than...