This paper examines the impact of the embedding environment on learning, innovationand productivity in the computer and related component industries in Penang and Johor –two regions in Malaysia facing similar federal policies but different state-levelcoordination. Following a review of the...

Over the last decade outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) flows and stocks from the emerging economies expanded dramatically. This aggregate trend is reflective of the fact that at the firm level technological capabilities and market share of many TNCs from the emerging economies (ETNCs)...