The Brazilian legislation did not recognize pharmaceutical patents for products and processes up until 1996, an exemption which started in 1945 for products and 1969, for processes. In this period, the domestic companies freely reproduced medicines developed by large companies from abroad and...

This paper investigates the strategies adopted by economic actors in the context of an institutional change. We base ourselves on data collected as part of an exploratory study in the sugar and fresh vegetable supply chains in Mauritius. The reform of the sugar protocol between the European...

Systemic economic transition is a process of determined radical institutional change, aprocess of building new institutions required by a market economy. Nowadays, the experienceof transition countries with the implementation of new institutions could be reviewedas a method of economic...

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht anhand der libanesischen Budgetpolitik von 1964-2000 in wie weit sich „Good Governance“ und nachhaltiger wirtschaftliche Entwicklung gegenseitig beeinflussen.Der wie gefasste Untersuchungsrahmen erlaubt es die libanesische Budgetpolitik in drei verschiedenen...

Research has demonstrated that the effects of intellectual property right (IPR) protection on firm research and competitive strategies are varied. This dissertation quantifies the dynamic effects of IPR protection along different dimensions. First, I show that countries choose different levels...

In this paper we relate university licensing revenues to both university research expenditures and characteristics of the university and the university technology transfer office. We apply the Hausman-Taylor estimator for panel data with time-invariant explanatory variables and the...

There is an evolution in the process used by standards-developmentorganizations (SDOs) and this is changing the prevailing standardsdevelopment activity (SDA) for information and communications technology(ICT). The process is progressing from traditional SDA modes, typicallyinvolving the...

Diese Arbeit untersucht die Entwicklung des Management von Geistigem Eigentum (sog. Intellectual Property Management) in bereits etablierten Deutschen und Schwedischen Biotechnologie Unternehmen, sog. Dedicated Biotechnology Firms (DBFs). Das übergeordnete Ziel war es die historische...

This paper investigated the influence of country-level factors that have led to shifts in the patterns of international R&D investments made by Multinational Corporations (MNCs), from an exclusive focus on developed countries to a broader scope that also includes developing countries....