Using a sample of 1154 European firms from 11 countries, we show that firm-levelexchange exposure for Eurozone and non-Eurozone … European firms has increased sincethe introduction of the euro, but this rise was smaller for Eurozone than non … Eurozone countries, so the advent of the euroappears to have been associated with a shift in exchange risk from systematic to …

particular, standard local projections identify responses that include an effect due to the persistence of the shock, while … projections and moving average representations. In particular, the inclusion of leads of the shock in local projections allows to … proyecciones locales estándar identifi can respuestas que incluyen un efecto debido a la persistencia del shock, mientras que las …

eficiente en I+D. ; The coronavirus pandemic has placed our economy in an unprecedented situation. The adverse shock has been on … size of firms and the high temporary employment ratio – make it more vulnerable than other countries to this shock. This … loss of income of the households and firms affected by the crisis and to prevent a temporary shock from causing persistent …