This dissertation consists of five Chapters. Chapter I extensively reviews the literature on trade and the environment published since 1970.

We develop a spatial model of bulk commodity transportation price formation. The spatial transportation price model is first developed for the monopolist carrier. Then the model is extended to quantity-setting and price-setting duopolist carriers under incomplete cross-hauling. Measures...

In this dissertation, the microtheoretic measurement of technical change (TC) is developed as an alternative to the index number approach to total factor productivity (TFP) growth, incorporating recent theoretical developments in dynamic cost functions that shed light on the effects and role of...

We examine whether the use of the environment, proxied by CO2 emissions, as a factor of production contributes, in addition to conventional factors of production to output growth, and thus it should be accounted for in total factor productivity growth (TFPG) measurement and deducted from the...