Background: Prescription medicine samples provided by pharmaceutical companies are predominantly newer and more expensive products. The range of samples provided to practices may not represent the drugs that the doctors desire to have available. Few studies have used a qualitative design to...

This paper analyzes the economic effects of environmental taxes on chemical fertilizer in producing rice. A charge of 10 percent tax on nitrogen fertilizer leads to a reduction in fertilizer use of 1.5 percent without changing rice yield, but the farm income is reduced by 0.6 percent. The tax...

The present work is dedicated to theoretical aspects of long-term evaluation with a focus on time and uncertainty structure. Motivated along the lines of global warming, the analysis renders contributions to the fields of environmental economics, decision theory, the economics of sustainability...

Ein Handel mit verbrieften Verschmutzungsrechten gilt als treffsicher, als kosteneffizient und darüber hinaus als geeignet, umwelttechnischen Fortschritt zu induzieren. Das Europäische Emissionshandelssystem weist einige Besonderheiten auf, welche zu Wirkungsbrüchen führen können, die...

Targets for CO2 reduction tend to be set in terms of the amount of pollution generated within the borders of a given region or nation. That is, under a "production accounting principle". However, in recent years there has been increased public and policy interest in the notion of a carbon...

Recent work by Kahneman and others has led to a new focus in economics on a wellbeing-based approach to utility. This suggests that ‘experienced utility’ is an alternative and more appropriate basis for the measurement of economic value compared with ‘decision utility’. In this paper, we...

This dissertation consists of two theoretical papers on market-based environmental policy. The first paper exploits the correlation between the environmental performance of firms and their economic performance to show that financial markets can be used to help enforce environmental policy and to...

Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert im Rahmen allgemeiner Gleichgewichtsmodelle offener Volkswirtschaften mögliche Wechselwirkungen zwischen zunehmender wirtschaftlicher Integration und national bzw. supranational bestimmter Umweltpolitik. Die Arbeit gliedert sich in 3 Teile. Der erste Teil der...

A window of opportunity opened to investigate present effects of past environmental policies of the Israel Defense Forces and its military industry when one of its facilities, Taas Magen, was required to close down in 1997. For decades, untreated discharge was released into absorption pits,...