tremendous increase in poverty and income inequality in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Much of the literature argues that the …’s economic empowerment: the labour market, education and poverty. Large and complex data sets on peoples’ attitudes and … greater in transition than in OECD countries.On the other hand, once the feminisation of poverty is concerned data on …

we then combine to arrive at estimates of overall poverty from 1970 to 2000. However, data for the last few years of this … that these estimates are worst case estimates of poverty trends after 1995. An alternative, less pessimistic estimate is … to arrive at overall estimates of inequality and poverty; next we discuss the trends in poverty as derived from our data …

There is now a consensus that economic growth is a dominant determinant of poverty. That is, poverty reduction requires … raises mean income and reduces the proportion of the population living below any absolute poverty line. It is generally … believed that growth that is distribution neutral has a greater impact on poverty reduction than growth that generates …

ever poor and the proportion of time spent in poverty are also explored for Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Russia. All the case … and Russia, which examine the extent to which households are able through formal and/or informal arrangements to insure … among consumption variability, the level than nonfood consumption, the incidence of poverty, and the probability of being …

Differences in the evolution of income distribution in Poland and Russia in the post-socialist era are striking: for … example, in Poland, the gini coefficient on earnings went from 0.28 to 0.33 between 1988 and 1998 while in Russia it went from … successful in supporting an equitable income distribution via small enterprise development than in Russia. …

historische Hinweise, dass dieVerbreitung von unternehmerischen Eigenschaften und Verhalten in Russland deutlich geringerist als …

Russia after price liberalisation in 1992. At the same time, the Russian official demographic statistics provides data that …