very different consequences for export growth. There has been real depreciation in both Germany and France, but only … costly. Within the euro area some members, such as Ireland, are thriving; others, especially among the southern member states … existing members have been significant. Ireland and Portugal have experienced marked real exchange rate appreciation, but with …

very different consequences for export growth. There has been real depreciation in both Germany and France, but only … costly. Within the euro area some members, such as Ireland, are thriving; others, especially among the southern member states … existing members have been significant. Ireland and Portugal have experienced marked real exchange rate appreciation, but with …

, and according towhich the common market would be “conquered” by France in thecase of the classical agricultural products …

transmission from international to retail coffee prices in France, Germany and the United States. We show that ignoring these two … faster during the post-ICA period in France and Germany. Our results suggest that, for these two countries, changes in …

balanced external accounts. As a result, governments in France and Germany began to adopt broadly identical policy strategies … crisis symptoms after the first oil shock were common to both countries: In France and West Germany formerly stable income …