Even before the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the U.S. and Canada came into force on January 1, 1989, a substantial body of literature had been assembled on the future agreement and its likely economic effects on both countries. Despite the large number of studies in both countries, there...

This thesis is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1 discusses incentives for smuggling and chapter 2 presents the Tanzanian institutional setting.

The theoretical consensus supporting free trade has been challenged in the 1980s by new developments in trade theory stressing imperfect competition and/or increasing returns to scale (IRS). It has been found that the exercise of trade policy to protect an IRS industry may benefit an economy,...