While the contemporary literature on diversification from a resource perspective builds upon Penrose's (1959) idea of excess firm capabilities, the focus has been on the applicability of resources across domains. Making a clear analytical distinction between scale-free capabilities and those...

In the early 1990s, hoping to reduce chronic electricity shortages and enhance the efficiency of Chinese power plants, China opened its doors to foreign direct investment (FDI) in electricity generation. Using data from an original survey of US private investors, official Chinese statistics, and...