"The purpose of this paper is to summarize some of the bargaining issues involved in collective action to address local common-pool problems and to illustrate them in three empirical cases. The importance of riming or the sequence of coalition building and the heterogeneity of the participant's...

"This paper provides new theoretical clarification and empirical evidence about relational contracts written for the exploitation of oil and gas reservoirs in the United States and Canada. To mitigate common pool losses, oil fields often are developed under unit operating agreements. These...