The theoretical debate over whether countries can and should set tariffs in response to the foreign export elasticities they face goes back to Edgeworth (1894). Despite the centrality of the optimal tariff argument in trade policy, there exists no evidence about whether countries actually...

Beside its membership (1995) in the World Trade Organization (WTO), Egypt joined Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) such as the Greater Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA) in 1997, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) in 1998, the European-Mediterranean Partnership Agreement...

Doctor of Philosophy

The EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement is a new generation of trade agreements between Vietnam and 28 EU Member States called EVFTA. The EVFTA was negotiated in mid-2012. After 14 formal meetings, the EVFTA negotiation process was finalized on December 2, 2015. On 17/10/2018, the European...

A simple but new theoretical approach is used to analyse ex-ante the impact of tariff reduction. Thismethodology is based on the assumption of a constant price relation between each direct substitutableproduct. No elasticities are needed, but accurate import and domestic prices of the most...

Several Caribbean sugar producing countries are actively looking for viable alternatives to recover some of the expected lost revenues due to the WTO (World Trade Organization) ruling that sugar subsidies in the European Union (EU) are illegal. One alternative worth considering is exporting...

Anger and optimism are coexisting themes related to the growing liberalization of international trade and the resultant transforming forces of globalization. While international trade and globalization offer the world community many benefits, there also appear to be negative consequences,...

The use of officially supported export credit programs for agricultural products has been a widely debated issue at the World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations in recent years. The European Union (EU) has agreed to reduce their direct export subsidies if the United States reduces its export...

The post-World War II world trading system is now more than fifty years old, and not surprisingly, it has evolved through a number of different stages of development and survived a series of perils. Recently, however, the perils seem even greater than before. The failure of the Seattle...

This paper argues that any discussion of the operationalization of Gross National Happiness (GNH) in Bhutan within an immediate or intermediate time-frame must account for the fact that operationalization implies the adoption of long-range policy objectives and immediate or intermediate policy...