Given that in Brazil there is a significant asymmetry in production and trade among states, this study had as objective to measure the border effect to the intranational and international trade, using it as an indicator of the degree of integration. Such effect measures the bias to the internal...

El acuerdo de la Unión Monetaria Latina (UML), firmado en diciembre de 1865 por Francia, Italia, Bélgica y Suiza, estandarizó la acuñación de monedas de oro y plata en los países miembros y permitió la libre circulación de las monedas nacionales en la Unión. En un influyente estudio,...

Las preocupaciones sobre un posible giro de la agenda de la política comercial mundial van en aumento. De hecho, incluso si los aranceles se encuentran en niveles históricamente bajos, las medidas no arancelarias (MNA) desempeñan un papel importante, y creciente, en la política comercial...

The post-World War II world trading system is now more than fifty years old, and not surprisingly, it has evolved through a number of different stages of development and survived a series of perils. Recently, however, the perils seem even greater than before. The failure of the Seattle...

The research in this paper has two objectives. Beginning with an examination of the historical development of how financial reporting standards are set in the United States and around the world, the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the International Accounting Standards Board will be...

Several interesting developments indicate that world attention is increasingly focusing on a "novel" category of trade barriers: non-tariff and non-border barriers. Following the Uruguay Round (the eighth round of negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, "GATT"), scholars...

The tradition of gravity models is in the analysis of trade flows with market size and geographic or economic distance as core variables. Both these variables can be important determinants of FDI, too. However, when such models are used to explain FDI, there can be differences in the mode of...

Recently gravity trade models are applied to disaggregated trade data. Here manyzeros are characteristic. In the presence of excess zeros usual Poisson Pseudo MaximumLikelihood (PPML) is still consistent, the variance covariance matrix howeveris invalid. Correct economic interpretation however...

The recent proliferation of regional trade agreements (RTAs) has intensified the debate on their merits. A growing literature has addressed this policy debate, focusing on the welfare and trade effects of RTAs and their likely impacts on the multilateral trading system. Some view them as...

This paper examines whether exchange rate misalignment negatively affects agricultural trade, compared to other industry sectors. Nominal exchange rate misalignment is obtained from the percentage deviation of real exchange rates from their long-run equilibrium based on the theory of purchasing...