This study uses a unique firm-level dataset to examine how falling trade costs from 1993-2001 affected entry, exit … probability of exit, and reduced the market share of surviving firms. We also find that small firms had a particularly high level … of dynamism over the sample period. Small firms were more likely to enter and exit, and marginally more likely to gain …

with distance, tariffs, and sanitary-phytosanitary (SPS) regulations imposed by foreign countries on U.S. corn seed exports … 2004. We find that all trade costs matter and have had a negative impact on U.S. corn seed exports. Tariffs matter most … with a detailed analysis of trade costs impeding exports flows to various markets. Trade costs include costs associated …

economy’s external sector outlook. This article estimates the effect of tariffs on Spanish non-energy, non-EU goods exports … tariffs imposed by another country on a Spanish product entails a reduction in nominal exports of around 0.6%. Protectionist …-the-board declines, entailed increases in tariffs that are proving detrimental to international trade and thereby affecting the Spanish …

-EU Spanish goods exports from Eurostat, with a product disaggregation level at 6 digits. We estimate the effect of tariffs both ….e. exports intensive margin) through a gravity equation. The findings of this paper show that higher tariffs reduce exports … protectionism in the form of tariff barriers on Spanish goods exports. The Spanish economy has signicantly increased its degree of …

tariffs on the range of goods countries export to the United States. The empirical analysis shows that tariffs tend to have a … 1996-2006 is explained by tariff reductions. This suggests the extensive margin has not amplified the impact of tariffs on … fragmentation, the results show that closer countries and countries with lower tariffs imposed on them export a wider range of goods …

complement the existing literature by examining the IIT and hence output and employment performance of two different digit … exhibited a superior IIT and hence output and employment performance as compared to the TCF industry, as well as the …&D expenditure have favoured the motor vehicle industry's production and exports at the expense of the TCF industry, thereby …

investment, while the external demand contribution was the result of an easing in imports and some acceleration in exports. In … line with these developments, employment creation grew at a slower pace. In any case, the Spanish economy showed greater …

investment, while the external demand contribution was the result of an easing in imports and some acceleration in exports. In … line with these developments, employment creation grew at a slower pace. In any case, the Spanish economy showed greater …

positively associated with survival, both within and between countries. Preston (1975, 1976), in particular, using cross … economic status, measured by income, and child survival (Anker and Knowles, 1980; Carvajal and Burgess, 1978; Farah and Preston …