Cartels are agreements or concerted practices between two or more competitors aimed at coordinating their competitive … practices are among the most serious violations of Article 81 EC. The amount of international cartels is constantly growing. The … members of cartels create sophisticated schemes, hold meetings in hotels and use pre-paid phone – cards. All these facts makes …

power of intermediaries increases with the advent of new and powerful actors, (b) process activities that cartels previously … constraints, no longer favour cartels like De Beers, and (e) over time, these and additional environment factors are forcing … actors like De Beers who perform rigid process activities to become more flexible. For example,forces are moving cartels …