Successful cap and trade programs for SO2 and NOx in the US allocate allowances to large emitters based on a historic base line for a period of up to thirty years. National Allocation Plans in Europe allocate CO2 allowances in an iterative approach first for a three then for a five-year period....

Title IV of the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act initiated a historic experiment in incentive-based environmental regulation through the use of tradable allowances for emission of sulfur dioxide by electric generating facilities. To date, relatively little allowance trading has taken place;...

For years economists have urged policymakers to use market-based approaches such as cap-and-trade programs or emission taxes to control pollution. The SO2 allowance market created by Title IV of the 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) presents the first real test of the wisdom of...

Seit Start des EU-weiten Emissionshandels am 1. Januar 2005 können emissionsintensive Industrieanlagen und Anlagen der Energiewirtschaft erste Erfahrungen mit dem Handel von Emissionsberechtigungen machen.Eine im Mai 2005 durchgeführte Befragung hatte deshalb zum Ziel, Informationen zu den...

The post-World War II world trading system is now more than fifty years old, and not surprisingly, it has evolved through a number of different stages of development and survived a series of perils. Recently, however, the perils seem even greater than before. The failure of the Seattle...

The research in this paper has two objectives. Beginning with an examination of the historical development of how financial reporting standards are set in the United States and around the world, the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the International Accounting Standards Board will be...

Several interesting developments indicate that world attention is increasingly focusing on a "novel" category of trade barriers: non-tariff and non-border barriers. Following the Uruguay Round (the eighth round of negotiations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, "GATT"), scholars...

This paper analyses the current global economic trends and explores the new realities for international trade in the current set of economic parameters. While there are encouraging positive economic trends and further liberalisation of international trade is in order, the overall trade system...

This paper introduces the concepts of direct and indirect factor trade utility functions and uses them to derive Marshallian and Hicksian factor content functions, which express the quantities of factors of production embodied in net imports as functions of the exogenous variables facing the...

This paper develops a two-country model of trade and factor mobility, in which capital is sector-specific but internationally mobile. The model avoids the indeterminacy and propensity to specialize of Heckscher-Ohlin models and exhibits a rich variety of responses to exogenous shocks, including...