ethanol production to the wholesale price of gasoline in order to determine the ability of ethanol to compete with gasoline in … in the ethanol subsidy from $0.51/gallon to $0.6796/gallon in order to break-even with gasoline prices. The Ethanol … Supply Curve Model also shows that the market currently values ethanol on a gasoline-energy equivalent basis rather than a …

century, including the phasing out of lead additives in gasoline, the transition from MTBE to ethanol as the predominant … biofuels mandate is met (i.e., the mix of biofuels), and the status of the ethanol blend limit in the motor gasoline sector … oxygenate additive in gasoline, and the recent introduction of ULSD. These historical transitions represent the uncertainty and …

This study investigates the economic effects of external oil and food price shocks in thecontext of selected Asia and … and Taiwan are highly affectedby international oil price shocks. Oil price shocks negatively affect industrial output … and New Zealand with diverse mineral resources other than oilare not affected by oil price shocks. Only exchange rates are …

demand from China and India, large mandated increases in ethanol production, droughts in some key agricultural producer … these price variables are, evidently, closely connected, it is not entirely clear how exogenous price shocks are transmitted … commodity prices in order to: (i) Investigate the transmission mechanism of the price shocks associated with the commodity boom …

in the international market may differ greatly depending on whether the increase is driven by demand or supply shocks in … attributed to shocks to aggregate demand for industrial commodities while none can be traced to oil supply shocks. This paper … the nascent empirical evidence, and identifies the transmission of different types of oil price shocks to movements in …

one gallon of ethanol can replace more than a gallon of gasoline. We also show that being a small country biofuelsproducer … ethanol replaces approximately 0.2-0.3 gallons of gasoline in the U.S. …Leakage in the fuel market differs, depending on whether ethanol production is determined by a tax credit or …