companies. The VC monitoring hypothesis argues that VCs effectively resolve the managerial agency problem through close … monitoring and restraining managers' earnings management behavior. The VC moral hazard hypothesis argues that VCs aggravate the … management. Using a sample of IPO firms between 1987 and 2002, after controlling for the magnitude of accruals manipulation (AM …

ability to monitor the actions of the agent at an interim stage of the project. I show that monitoring can induce the agent to … is not a one-way street: Situations exist where monitoring encourages greater effort from the agent, resulting in greater … agent involvement is costly, monitoring is often the optimal strategy; this is an explanation for why venture capital type …

economic advantages of monitoring must be traded off against some loss of privacy. These considerations set the starting point … (insurers and consumers) to use the available monitoring technologies and how their decisions affect the efficiency in this … proximity to reality, in which the precision of monitoring is imperfect and, moreover, in which various technical solutions for …

and operating decisions, in the absence of the discipline of bank monitoring. Our results also show that borrowers whose …

level data from 99 farm and non-farm credit groups. Results reveal that peer selection, peer monitoring, peer pressure …