The theory of optimum currency areas states that the more two countries trade with each other, the better candidates … the integration process itself turns the countries into optimal currency areas. The potential increase in trade is … rate volatility on trade does not support this claim. Rose argues that the common currency effect on trade is separate from …

. Then amodified gravity model first assesses the empirical evidence for complementaritybetween FDI and trade then indicates … investmentare examined, then the effects of both FDI and trade on long-run growth are used toestimate for the effectiveness of trade … development. Finally, theregional impacts of trade on long-run growth indicates that the spatial advantages of thegravity model …

integration of trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) with Western Europe. Adopting a two-stage out-of-sample gravity equation … approach to predicting East West trade patterns, a panel data set of bilateral exports from twelve EU countries to twenty OECD … European countries. In general, countries which are initially less well-integrated with the EU have strongest trade potential …

Applied General Equilibrium models of trade failed to predict the sectoral changes in trade volumes following the … Canada-US Free Trade Agreement. These models utilized a representative firm framework and used econometric estimates for the … \citeasnoun{hop92} model of plant entry and exit and embed this in a multisector trade model. I calibrate the model using trade …

Brexit will affect the UK economy and its economic partners. In particular, it focuses on trade and migration channels …, adding a more general assessment of exiting the EU through the use of a gravity model. The trade channel alone may cut UK GDP …

tightly linked by migration, commuting and interregional trade. These types of spatial interaction are exposed to frictional … vorliegende Untersuchung auf die räumliche Struktur entsprechender Disparitäten. Regionen sind eng durch Migration …

-level GDP are temporally and spatially dependent. These findings offer policy implications for both interstate energy trade and …