addition to "productivity", firms are also heterogeneous in their "caliber" — the ability to produce quality using fewer fixed … inputs. Compared to single-attribute models of firm heterogeneity emphasizing either productivity or the ability to produce …

There is a growing number of studies that investigate the effect of trade liberalization on productivity and nearly all … assume that trade policy is independently determined of productivity, hence it is exogenous. I show that this assumption is … of trade protection, productivity directly influences tariffs. Moreover, this productivity-tariff relationship partly …

factors, industries vary in the relative intensity of these factors, and firms differ in productivity. The model predicts that … two-factor, two-country and multi-industry economy with productivity-heterogeneous firms suggests that countries export …