Risk aversion is a key element of utility maximizing hedge strategies; however, it has typically been assigned an arbitrary value in the literature. This paper instead applies a GARCH-in-Mean (GARCH-M) model to estimate a time-varying measure of risk aversion that is based on the observed risk...

This study examines the distributional properties of futures prices for contracts traded on LIFFE. A filtering process is employed to remove day of the week and holiday effects, a maturity effect, moving average effects and the influence of an asset's conditional variance from the raw returns...

Extreme asset price movements appear to be more pronounced recently and havemajor consequences for an economy’s financial stability and monetary policies.This paper investigates the extreme behaviour of equity market returns andquantifies the probabilities of these losses. Taking fourteen...

We examine whether hedging effectiveness is affected by asymmetry in the return distribution by applying tail specific metrics to compare the hedging effectiveness of short and long hedgers using crude oil futures contracts. The metrics used include Lower Partial Moments (LPM), Value at Risk...

Risk aversion is a key element of utility maximizing hedge strategies; however, it hastypically been assigned an arbitrary value in the literature. This paper instead applies a GARCH-in-Mean (GARCH-M) model to estimate a time-varying measure of riskaversion that is based on the observed risk...

Financial risk model evaluation or backtesting is a key part of the internal model’sapproach to market risk management as laid out by the Basle Committee on BankingSupervision (2004). However there are a number of backtests that may be applied andthere is little guidance as to the most...

Volatility modelling is a key issue for the finance industry from an academic and practitioner perspective. This is understandable given the importance that volatility plays in risk management and the development of accurate risk measures in a univariate or multivariate framework. To illustrate,...

A view has developed among some retailing researchers that financial markets have, from time to time, unduly favoured the retail sector in the UK. It is argued that this has been exploited, to some extent, by retailing companies using creative, but legitimate, accounting techniques to enhance...

Using a time-varying approach, this paper examines the dynamics of volatility in the real estate investment trust (REIT) sector. The results highlight the attractiveness and suitability of using GARCH based approaches in the modeling of daily REIT volatility.The paper examines the factors that...

Accurate forecasting of risk is the key to successful risk management techniques. Using the largest stock index futures from 12 European bourses, this paper presents VaR measures based on their unconditional and conditional distributions for single and multi-period settings. These measures...