. Consequently, higher substitutability is associated with greater polarization in wealth, and long-run distributions that are …

hardly recover from the financial crisis which started in 2008, the European Union existing a clear tendency of polarization …

Increasing political polarization implies that each election expands the gap between the supporters of the losing side … substantially across contexts. The polarization of parties explains most of this variance, suggesting that, in a polarized … democratic backsliding. ; Increasing political polarization implies that each election expands the gap between the supporters of …

. ; Polarization can have economic effects if the hostility between political camps (i.e., affective polarization) shapes economic …

in Spain in 1905-1945, a period of extreme political polarization. We find that the outbreak of the civil war in 1936 was …