A general Markov-Switching autoregressive conditional mean model, valued in the set of nonnegative numbers, is considered. The conditional distribution of this model is a finite mixture of nonnegative distributions whose conditional mean follows a GARCH-like dynamics with parameters depending on...

This paper examines a number of techniques which allow for the construction of bounds estimates based on instrumental variables (IVs), even when the instruments are not valid. The plausexog and imperfectiv commands are introduced, which implement methods described by Conley et al. (2012) and...

This work is the third, but not the last, in the cycle begun by the works [23, 22] about the new theory of experience and chance as the theory of co~events. Here I introduce the concepts of two co~event means, which serve as dual co~event characteristics of some co~event. The very idea of dual...

Distributions of random variables defined on finite intervals were considered in connection with some problems of behavioral economics. To develop the results obtained for finite intervals, auto-image distributions of random variables defined on infinite or semi-infinite intervals are proposed...

This article is focused on the economic impact assessment of Internet of Things (IoT) and its associated cyber risks vectors and vertices – a reinterpretation of IoT verticals. We adapt to IoT both the Cyber Value at Risk model, a well-established model for measuring the maximum possible loss...

Abstract Given a risk outcome y over a rating system {R_i }_(i=1)^k for a portfolio, we show in this paper that the maximum likelihood estimates with monotonic constraints, when y is binary (the Bernoulli likelihood) or takes values in the interval 0≤y≤1 (the quasi-Bernoulli likelihood), are...

Estimation of portfolio expected credit loss is required for IFRS9 regulatory purposes. It starts with the estimation of scenario loss at loan level, and then aggregated and summed up by scenario probability weights to obtain portfolio expected loss. This estimated loss can vary significantly,...

In this paper we show that the exchange rates of some commodity exporter countries have the ability to predict the price of spot and future contracts of aluminum. This is shown with both in-sample and out-of-sample analyses. The theoretical underpinning of these results relies on the...

Based on a panel of 144 developing countries for the period from 1960 to 2020 and using the duration model, our estimates focused on two (02) groups of countries, namely African countries, and countries outside Africa. For the latter, the results showed that democracy is a factor that...

Changes in market conditions present challenges for investors as they cause performance to deviate from the ranges predicted by long-term averages of means and covariances. The aim of conditional asset allocation strategies is to overcome this issue by adjusting portfolio allocations to hedge...