This paper reinvestigates the energy consumption-GDP growth nexus in a panel error correction model using data on 20 …

This study applies panel data techniques to investigate the long-run relationship between energy consumption and GDP … the degree of integration between GDP and energy consumption by employing three panel unit root tests and find that the … and GDP. Results overwhelming show that GDP and energy consumption move together in the long-run. In the third step, we …

Entwicklungspolitik stark mit diesen Handlungsempfehlungen ?berschneidet. Jordanien f?rdert Humankapital und Unternehmertum durch … verschiedene Programme und Initiativen und betont dabei erfolgreich das Bildungssystem. Jordanien zeigt, dass trotz finanzieller … Schw?chen Wachstum und Entwicklung m?glich sind, wenn man Wissen und Humankapital f?rdert. Dennoch weist Jordanien viele …

product (GDP) and its growth performance. The first controversial issue is how should China’s per capita income level be …?’ raised by Garnaut and Ma (1992) based on their study on the relationship between China’s food consumption and per capita GDP …, and the GDP estimate for China by Summers and Heston (1991) based on the expenditure purchasing power parity (PPP …

, Czech Republic and Hungary. For the economic growth we used gross domestic products (GDP) as a proxy and for the … confirmed the presence of a positive link between GDP and expenditures for all the countries analyzed, a fact confirmed by the … unidirectional causality from GDP to R&D environmental protection. …