There is an evolution in the process used by standards-developmentorganizations (SDOs) and this is changing the prevailing standardsdevelopment activity (SDA) for information and communications technology(ICT). The process is progressing from traditional SDA modes, typicallyinvolving the...

There is little empirical evidence concerning the effects of intellectual property rights (IPR) on a technologically advanced developing country. Complete enumeration of the Mexican maize breeding industry showed that, contrary to the hypothesis that IPR would provide, in a technologically...

We develop a new partial equilibrium, four-region world trade model for the soybean complex comprising soybeans, soybean oil, and soybean meal. In the model, some consumers view genetically modified Roundup Ready (RR) soybeans and products as weakly inferior to conventional ones; the RR seed is...

From Introduction:"The emergence of free software and the phenomenal success of its flagships - the GNU/Linux operating system, the Apache web server, Perl, sendmail, BIND - and many other projects should force us to take a second look at the dominant paradigm we hold about productivity. In the...

"Indian drug industry provides an outstanding example of its distinctive contribution in adapting global technologies for domestic demand through adaptive research in formulation of drugs. This has meant availability of large number of drugs at low cost. Having developed an expertise in reverse...

The recent manufacturing interest in traditional medical systems and biodiversity sectorsis directly related to the profitable innovations that traditional knowledge can generate. Inthis context, this study attempts to understand the nature of knowledge origin andinnovative process in the drug...

The impact of patent protection on biomedical innovation has been a controversial issue.Although a “medical anti-commons” has been predicted due to a proliferation of patents onupstream technologies, evidence to test these concerns is only now emerging. However, mostindustrial surveys that...

This paper focuses on the practice of technological innovation in a state owned enterprises(SOE) which operates in traditional industry and is located in an underdeveloped region of a developing country. It is about best practice of benefiting from technological innovationthrough patent strategy...

Public-private partnerships offer potentially important opportunities for pro-pooragricultural research in developing countries. Yet in the international agricultural researchcommunity--and with regard to the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research(CGIAR) itself--we see few...

This paper develops a model of heterogeneous producers to examine theeconomic causes of IPR infringement and its consequences for the welfare of the interestgroups and the pricing and adoption of a new technology (i.e., a genetically modifiedseed) in the context of a small open developing...