This paper introduces a unified model for organizational change that is designed to help change analysts think through the decision-making process. Most organizational leaders do not manage change effectively because they fail to acquire the minimum amount of information necessary to make a...

Decision making is a tough process. It involves dealing with a lot of uncertainty and projecting what the final outcome might be. Depending on the projection of the uncertain outcome, a decision has to be made. In a peer-to-peer financial interaction the trusting agent, in order to analyse the...

As there is a lack of central management in an ecommerce interaction carried out based on peer-to-peer architecture, it is obvious for the trusting peer to analyze the Risk beforehand that could be involved in dealing with a trusted peer in these types of interactions. Another characteristic of...

The credit crunch and economic crisis have demonstrated the need to properly understand, characterize and assimilate risk in business activities. Failure to do this has resulted in serious consequences to the users involved. So the analysis and management of risk is one of the important...

A number of studies have shown that providing point forecasts to decision makers can lead to improved production planning decisions. However, point forecasts do not convey information about the level of uncertainty that is associated with forecasts. In theory, the provision of prediction...

Environmental characterization is necessary to support remediation and monitoring decisions and to construct and validate contaminant dispersion models. The more samples obtained, the greater is the protection against making incorrect decisions. However, taking too many samples wastes valuable...

The use of business services has had an increasingly important effect on economic performance in many industries, with the ability of firms in a given location to respond to changes in external markets, production techniques and material supplies often determined by the local provision of...

This paper deals with the market for SO{sub 2} emission allowances over time and electric utility compliance choices. For currently high emitting plants ( 2.5 lb SO{sub 2}/MMBtu), the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) provide for about twice as many SO{sub 2} allowances to be issued per year...

Ten basic contracting strategies were developed after a review of past strategies that had been used at the Hanford Site, other US Department of Energy (DOE) sites, other US government agencies, and in the private sector. As applicable to the Low-Level Waste Vitrification Plant (LLWVP) Project,...