manufacturing related functions, and technology investments are not directly targeted at improving the export potential of firms …Though economic growth has improved in recent years in Nigeria, there has been no evidence of significant manufacturing … study investigates investment in technology by firms in Southwest Nigeria and how technology investment related factors …

region. As barriers to competing inputs have come down andforeign investment in the region has gone up, small, domestic firms … liberalization continues to reduce barriers to foreigncompetition, and domestic firms face increasing pressure to compete, these …‐paying business community, international organizations, and foreign industry,many countries have increasingly begun formalization …

of informal businesses. And sample designs are shaped by a narrow and in our view misleading definition of informality as … small scale individual or household firms. In this study, we use firm-level data collected on 900 formal and informal … difference in productivity level between formal and informal firms in favour the former. We also show, however, that the …

This paper studies gross worker flows to explain the rising informality in Brazilian metropolitan labor markets from … and Maloney’s (2006) findings for Mexico that the patternsof worker transitions between formality and informality … correspond primarily to the job-to-job dynamics observed in the US and not to the traditional idea of informality constituting …

,’ that is, entry by new firms into an industry that didnot previously exist in that country, focusing on the choice between … formal andinformal status. Thus we explore issues such as how informality may enable anentrepreneur to test the profitability … profitability of the industry. Under some parametervalues there is churning in terms of both the number of firms and their status …

social tension in the final stretch of last year. Some factors, such as high labour market informality and the improvable …