, perceived leadership style, experienced frustration and optimism, organization-based self-esteem and organizational commitment … subordinates' levels of frustration and optimism. Female manager-female subordinate had the largest probability of optimism, while … male manager teamed with a male subordinate had the largest probability of frustration. Furthermore, having a female …

created by polling the respondents on their expectations versus intentions. Expectation-based forecasts are more efficient … statically significant positive relationship between confidence and the accuracy of individual-level expectations. This positive …

In modeling expectation formation, economic agents are usually viewed as forming expectations adaptively or in …, we show that this kind of model performs well in simulation experiments. Focusing upon producers' expectations in the …

impact of uncertainty and failed expectations induced by money leads to specific patterns of economic disruption. These …