The concept of measurement quality assurance (MQA) as embodied in National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) programs is not generally used within European programs for testing or accreditation. Although the essential elements of quality control and quality assurance are in the...

The new Basel Capital Adequacy Accord (Basel III) is an agreement among countries' central banks and bank supervisory authorities on the amount of capital banks must hold as a cushion against losses and insolvency. Basel III is of concern to Congress mainly because it could put U.S. financial...

Includes bibliographical references (p. 30).

George Zis, David Cobham and Athanasios Papadopoulos. The cost of political intervention in monetary policy. International Finance, 2004, vol. 7, no. 3, pages 471-493. Published by and copyright Wiley-Blackwell Publishing. The definitive version of this article is available from...

The study of technological innovation covers a broad range of issues. Everything, from the public funding of science, research policy to the role of universities, from the business development of new products and services, the financing of innovation, institutional arrangements through to the...

The world has entered a global recession that is causing widespread business contraction, increases in unemployment, and shrinking government revenues. The process for coping with the crisis by countries across the globe has been manifest in four basic phases. The first has been intervention to...

Having leaned upon the T. Kuhn’s paradigm conception, the authors have developed a paradigmatic approach to be applied to the evolution of tourism, the latter being considered as a form of international economic relations. The endevour has resulted in revealing some paradigms in the past of...

Ilia Chavchavadze was born in Georgia when the country was part of the Russian Empire. He received a thorough legal and economic education. Ilia developed a national economic doctrine, which demonstrated the necessity of his country's independent existence, participation in international labor...

The informal, underground or shadow economy is a significant, growing force throughout Latin America and the Caribbean, contributing to overall output, yet diminishing productivity, congesting public services, and depriving developing nations of potential fiscal revenues. This paper discusses...

The report presents data on international oil production, demand, imports, exports, and stocks. The report has four sections. Section 1 contains time series data on world oil production, and on oil demand and stocks in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This...