The first public share issue in the PRC took place in 1994. By the early 21st century, in the space of less than two decades, the Chinese stock market has become the largest one in Asia, with the exception of Japan. Along with this rapid enlargement of the market, the Chinese stock trading...

Network-based marketing refers to a collection of marketing techniquesthat take advantage of links between consumers to increase sales. Weconcentrate on the consumer networks formed using direct interactions(e.g., communications) between consumers. We survey the diverseliterature on such...

The study of complex systems should be based on a systems-theoretic framework which requires both self-organizing and symbolic dimensions. An inclusive framework based on the notion of semiotics is advanced to build models capable of representing, as well as evolving in their environments, with...